● Temperature range: -50°C to 300°C (PID control ±0.5°C)

● High-pressure reactors (≤10MPa) with real-time pressure monitoring and emergency pressure relief interlock

● High-precision metering pumps (±0.5% accuracy) paired with mass flow meters for stoichiometric stability

● Gradient feeding strategies (e.g., dropwise addition, pulse injection) to prevent localized overheating and side reactions

● Real-time supersaturation adjustment via online Raman spectroscopy/turbidity sensors; automated cooling rate control (0.1–5°C/min)

● Particle size management: Online laser particle size analyzer (0.1–1000μm) linked to agitator speed for crystal growth tuning

● Filter cake thickness (10–200mm adjustable) and multi-stage countercurrent washing (40% reduction in solvent usage)

● Drying endpoint determination via NIR moisture sensor (final moisture ≤0.5%)

● Inert gas circulation (N?/Ar) for heat-sensitive materials

● ATEX Zone 1/GB explosion-proof certification; online combustible gas monitoring

● Data integrity per 21 CFR Part 11 (electronic batch records), full audit trails for all parameters (temperature, pressure, pH, etc.)